Oral Cancer

Oral Cancer

  • Oral Cancer or mouth cancer, a type of head and neck cancer, is cancerous tissue growth located in the oral cavity.
  • As per Globocan 2018 report, lip and oral new cases grow at 2% per year.
  • The death rate due to this cancer stands at 1.9%
  • The overall 5-year survival rate for people with oral or related cancer is 65% as per study.
  • Oropharyngeal and Oral cavity cancer is the most common cancer sites observed in India.
  • These cancer sites are primarily caused due to the use of tobacco in different forms.
  • In India, the use of tobacco is common in the form of chewing and smoking of bidis and cigarettes.
  • Research studies observed the attributable risk among smokers is 85% for Oro pharyngeal cancer.
  • The attributable risk for those who chewed tobacco is 84.4% for development of Oral cavity cancer. cancer.
  • Delayed reporting resulting in advanced stage disease is a common problem in Indian cancer patients.
  • Types of Oral Cancer as per their site :
    – Floor of Mouth Cancer
    – Gum Cancer
    – Hard Palate Cancer
    – Inner Cheek Cancer (Buccal Mucosa Cancer)
    – Lip Cancer
    – Tongue Cancer

Causes

Signs and Symptoms

  • An ulcer in mouth that does not heal for a long time.
  • Pain in mouth.
  • A lump in cheek for a long time.
  • A sore throat.
  • Trouble in swallowing.
  • Voice changes.
  • Numbness of tongue.
  • Swelling of jaw.
  • Bad or foul smell from mouth etc.

Physical Examination and Investigation

A Doctor or dentist may find some cancers or pre-cancers of mouth and throat during a routine examination. Also, with help of following diagnostic tools the diagnosis is made :

  • Physical examination and history is required to ascertain the chronicity and the site of the cancer, growth in oral cavity can be observed in physical examination.

  • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNAC) / Core Biopsy : –Diagnosis of this cancer is done by fibre optic endoscopy, fine needle aspiration (FNAC)/core biopsy of any mass.

  • Orthopanoramic Radiography (OPG) is panoramic Xray of the entire oral cavity that includes both the jaws and the overlying teeth and any other growth oral within the cavity.

  • Computerized Tomography (CT) / PET scan / Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
    Patients with confirmed malignancy will also undergo scan to determine stage of cancer and to check the spread of the cancer in surrounding areas or organs.

  • Biomarker investigations.

  • Barium Swallow – wherein X rays is taken after swallowing barium to illuminate the track and check for any obstruction or erosion caused by growth.

Treatment

  1. To plan personalised treatment for each individual patient as every individual is different even if they have the same type of cancer.
  2. To improve health related quality of life (QOL) in all types and stages of cancer patients.
  3. To plan for partial or total regression of tumour depending on the nature of tumors.
  4. To increase overall survival (OS) of patients.
  5. To increase disease free survival (DFS) where complete resection of tumour is achieved.
  6. To provide a treatment option to patients who are refractory to conventional treatments like chemotherapy / radiotherapy / immunotherapy etc.
  7. To reduce the rate of growth of the tumor in recurrent and advanced staged cases.
  8. To increase progression free survival in advance cases.
  9. To reduce impact of symptoms related to progression of disease.
  10. To improve confidence of patients.
  11. To provide palliative support in end-of- life cancer cases.
  12. To add happiness and extension of life to cancer patients.
  13. To compliment other therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy in a synergistic way.
  14. To reduce severity or adverse effects of other conventional treatment. This reduces incidence and frequency of hospitalization.
  1. It is pertinent to note that Rasayu Cancer Clinic does not claim or blame anything while communicating any aspect to cancer patients.
  2. Rasayu Cancer Clinic focuses on Ayurveda fundamental based therapies.
  3. Rasayu Cancer Clinic believes in continuous improvement in service and science.
  4. Rasayu Cancer Clinic always advocates patient centric approach which leads to long and happy life of cancer patients.
  5. Every patient has a right to choose the therapy.
  6. Rasayu Cancer Clinic never imposes Rasayana therapy on patients but helps them to take the right decision, hence making patients/ relatives well aware about the disease and possible outcomes along with its risk benefit and cost benefit ratios.
  7. Rasayu Cancer Clinic is well connected with global updates in cancer care and therapies, through advisors and collaborations with national and international institutes.

Surgery

  1. Current surgical techniques employ primary closure where possible.
  2. It also allows extensive resections by performing immediate reconstructions using free flaps from skin, fascia, muscle or bone.
  3. This is often the treatment of choice in more advanced lesions viz T3/T4 Tumors.
  4. Long-Term Surgical Complications in the Oral Cancer Patient – Click Here 

Radiation Therapy

  1. It can be used as the primary treatment or in the adjuvant postoperative setting. Indications and technique depend on anatomical location of the tumor.
  2. The major potential advantage of this therapy is functional preservation, particularly of speech and swallowing.
  3. Acute skin reactions mucosites are more common side effects of radiotherapy.
  4. Side effects of Radiotherapy – Click Here

Chemotherapy

  1. Chemo agents like 5-flurouracil, cisplatin and methotreaxate can produce high response rates, however responses tend to be short lived.
  2. Side effects of radiotherapy – Click Here 
  3. Side effects of Chemotherapy – Click Here
  4. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Chemotherapy – Click Here

Targeted Therapy

  1. Cancer cells need specific molecules with certain genetic material to survive, multiply and spread and cause cancer.
  2. Targeted therapies are designed to interfere with those molecules or the cancer-causing genes that create them.
  3. Immunotherapy vs. Targeted Therapy for Cancer Treatment. It is often seen to cause severe side effects leading to stopping of treatment – Click Here

Immunotherapy

  1. Efficacy of the treatment is still not clear as per the National Library of Medicine, since there is a need for improved biomarkers.
  2. Cost of this treatment is high and many times does not fit into cost benefit ratio.
  3. Regrowth is often rapid and there is no evidence to show any survival benefit.
  4. Chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting and concurrent with radiotherapy along with newer agents are the subjects of current clinical trials.
  5. Myelosuppression and mucosites are the most common side effects of this therapy.
  6. Common Chemotherapy side effects include – Click Here 
  7. Chemotherapy side effects to know more – Click Here

Rasayu Cancer Clinic Rasayan Treatment Protocol – To know more please click here

Rasayu Therapy is recommended for those :

  1. Who voluntarily opted for this treatment as their first choice.
  2. Who are disenchanted with the past treatments.
  3. Who do not see any other options of treatments.
  4. Who are looking for personalized treatment plan.
  5. \Who desire a convenient home-based oral therapy which is easy to consume.
  6. Who are susceptible to acquire hospital borne infections/ complications, hence not willing to be hospitalised?
  7. Who are looking for favourable risk benefit ratio.
  8. Who desire to improve Quality of Life benchmarks based on global standards and monitored regularly.
  9. Who are involved in decision making for choice of treatment.
  10. Who are willing to be involved in monitoring the efficacy of Rasayana Therapy.
  11. Who believe in the transparency of the process by conducting regular investigations by biochemical parameters/ hi tech imaging techniques like PET scan etc.
  12. Who are equally sensitive to the patient, the care givers and the family.
  13. Which can be taken with other treatments including Chemotherapy / Radiotherapy.

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